Generative models, particularly GANs, have been utilized for image editing. Although GAN-based methods perform well on generating reasonable contents aligned with the user's intentions, they struggle to strictly preserve the contents outside the editing region. To address this issue, we use diffusion models instead of GANs and propose a novel image-editing method, based on pixel-wise guidance. Specifically, we first train pixel-classifiers with few annotated data and then estimate the semantic segmentation map of a target image. Users then manipulate the map to instruct how the image is to be edited. The diffusion model generates an edited image via guidance by pixel-wise classifiers, such that the resultant image aligns with the manipulated map. As the guidance is conducted pixel-wise, the proposed method can create reasonable contents in the editing region while preserving the contents outside this region. The experimental results validate the advantages of the proposed method both quantitatively and qualitatively.

变压器架构已经带来了计算语言领域的根本变化，这已经由经常性神经网络主导多年。它的成功还意味着具有语言和愿景的跨模型任务的大幅度变化，许多研究人员已经解决了这个问题。在本文中，我们审查了该领域中的一些最关键的里程碑，以及变压器架构如何纳入Visuol语言跨模型任务的整体趋势。此外，我们讨论了当前的局限性，并推测了我们发现迫在眉睫的一些前景。

Intelligent agents have great potential as facilitators of group conversation among older adults. However, little is known about how to design agents for this purpose and user group, especially in terms of agent embodiment. To this end, we conducted a mixed methods study of older adults' reactions to voice and body in a group conversation facilitation agent. Two agent forms with the same underlying artificial intelligence (AI) and voice system were compared: a humanoid robot and a voice assistant. One preliminary study (total n=24) and one experimental study comparing voice and body morphologies (n=36) were conducted with older adults and an experienced human facilitator. Findings revealed that the artificiality of the agent, regardless of its form, was beneficial for the socially uncomfortable task of conversation facilitation. Even so, talkative personality types had a poorer experience with the "bodied" robot version. Design implications and supplementary reactions, especially to agent voice, are also discussed.

Self-supervised learning (SSL) methods such as WavLM have shown promising speech separation (SS) results in small-scale simulation-based experiments. In this work, we extend the exploration of the SSL-based SS by massively scaling up both the pre-training data (more than 300K hours) and fine-tuning data (10K hours). We also investigate various techniques to efficiently integrate the pre-trained model with the SS network under a limited computation budget, including a low frame rate SSL model training setup and a fine-tuning scheme using only the part of the pre-trained model. Compared with a supervised baseline and the WavLM-based SS model using feature embeddings obtained with the previously released 94K hours trained WavLM, our proposed model obtains 15.9% and 11.2% of relative word error rate (WER) reductions, respectively, for a simulated far-field speech mixture test set. For conversation transcription on real meeting recordings using continuous speech separation, the proposed model achieves 6.8% and 10.6% of relative WER reductions over the purely supervised baseline on AMI and ICSI evaluation sets, respectively, while reducing the computational cost by 38%.

We present the first neural network model to achieve real-time and streaming target sound extraction. To accomplish this, we propose Waveformer, an encoder-decoder architecture with a stack of dilated causal convolution layers as the encoder, and a transformer decoder layer as the decoder. This hybrid architecture uses dilated causal convolutions for processing large receptive fields in a computationally efficient manner, while also benefiting from the performance transformer-based architectures provide. Our evaluations show as much as 2.2-3.3 dB improvement in SI-SNRi compared to the prior models for this task while having a 1.2-4x smaller model size and a 1.5-2x lower runtime. Open-source code and datasets: https://github.com/vb000/Waveformer

给定数千种同样准确的机器学习（ML）模型，用户如何在其中选择？最近的ML技术使领域专家和数据科学家能够为稀疏决策树生成完整的Rashomon设置，这是一套几乎最理想的可解释的ML模型。为了帮助ML从业者识别具有此Rashomon集合中理想属性的模型，我们开发了Timbertrek，这是第一个交互式可视化系统，该系统总结了数千个稀疏决策树的规模。两种用法方案突出了Timbertrek如何使用户能够轻松探索，比较和策划与域知识和价值观保持一致的模型。我们的开源工具直接在用户的计算笔记本和Web浏览器中运行，从而降低了创建更负责任的ML模型的障碍。Timbertrek可在以下公共演示链接中获得：https：//poloclub.github.io/timbertrek。

开发准确，灵活和数值有效的不确定性量化（UQ）方法是机器学习中的基本挑战之一。以前，已经提出了一种名为Disco Nets的UQ方法（Bouchacourt等，2016），该方法通过最大程度地减少训练数据中所谓的能量评分来训练神经网络。该方法在计算机视觉中的手姿势估计任务上表现出了出色的性能，但是尚不清楚该方法是否可以很好地对表格数据进行回归，以及它如何与较新的高级UQ方法（例如NGBOOST）竞争。在本文中，我们提出了改进的迪斯科网络神经结构，该建筑接受了更稳定和平稳的训练。我们将这种方法基于其他现实世界表格数据集，并确认它具有竞争力甚至优于标准的UQ基准。我们还为使用能量评分学习预测分布的有效性提供了新的基本证明。此外，我们指出的是，迪斯科的原始形式忽略了认知的不确定性，只捕获了不确定性。我们为这个问题提出了一个简单的解决方案。

在任何给定的机器学习问题中，可能有许多模型可以很好地解释数据。但是，大多数学习算法仅返回这些模型中的一种，使从业者没有实用的方法来探索替代模型，这些模型可能具有超出损失函数中可以表达的内容的理想属性。 Rashomon集是所有这些几乎最佳模型的集合。 Rashomon集可能非常复杂，尤其是对于高度非线性功能类，允许复杂的交互项，例如决策树。我们提供了第一种完全列举稀疏决策树的Rashomon设置的技术；实际上，我们的工作提供了针对高度非线性离散功能类别的非平凡问题的所有Rashomon设置的首次列举。这使用户可以在所有近似同样好的模型中对模型选择的前所未有的控制水平。我们在专门的数据结构中表示Rashomon集，该数据结构支持有效的查询和采样。我们显示了Rashomon集的三个应用：1）它可用于研究一组几乎最佳树的重要性（与一棵树相对），2）Rashomon设置的精确度使Rashomon集可以枚举Rashomon集合。平衡的精度和F1得分，以及3）完整数据集的Rashomon集可以用于生产仅使用数据集的子集构建的Rashomon集。因此，我们能够检查新镜头问题的Rashomon集合，使用户能够选择模型，而不是受到仅产生单个模型的算法的摆布。

我们在随机多臂匪徒问题中使用固定预算和上下文（协变）信息研究最佳武器识别。在观察上下文信息之后，在每一轮中，我们使用过去的观察和当前上下文选择一个治疗臂。我们的目标是确定最好的治疗组，这是一个在上下文分布中被边缘化的最大预期奖励的治疗组，而错误识别的可能性最小。首先，我们为此问题得出半参数的下限，在这里我们将最佳和次优的治疗臂的预期奖励之间的差距视为感兴趣的参数，以及所有其他参数，例如在上下文中的预期奖励，作为滋扰参数。然后，我们开发“上下文RS-AIPW策略”，该策略由随机采样（RS）规则组成，跟踪目标分配比和使用增强反向概率加权（AIPW）估算器的建议规则。我们提出的上下文RS-AIPW策略是最佳的，因为错误识别概率的上限与预算到Infinity时的半参数下限相匹配，并且差距趋于零。

本文介绍了一个新型的流媒体自动语音识别（ASR）框架，用于由带有任意几何形状的遥远麦克风阵列捕获的多对话者重叠语音。我们的名为T-Sot-VA的框架在独立开发了两种最近的技术上。基于令牌级别的序列化输出训练（T-SOT），数量几何形状 - 反应连续的语音分离或VARARRARY和流媒体多对话者ASR。为了结合两种技术的最佳，我们新设计了一个基于T-SOT的ASR模型，该模型基于Vararray的两个分离的语音信号生成序列化的多对话者转录。我们还为这种ASR模型提出了一种预训练方案，我们基于单膜单键式ASR训练数据来模拟Vararray的输出信号。使用AMI会议语料库的对话转录实验表明，基于提议的框架的系统大大优于常规的框架。我们的系统分别在保留流媒体推理能力的同时，在多远离微米频道设置中分别实现了AMI开发和评估集的最新单词错误率为13.7％和15.5％。